The World Bank Economic Review Advance Access originally published online on May 25, 2008
The World Bank Economic Review 2008 22(2):233-248; doi:10.1093/wber/lhn008
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Comprehensive Wealth and Future Consumption: Accounting for Population Growth
Susana Ferreira is a lecturer in the School of Geography, Planning, and Environmental Policy at University College Dublin; her email address is susana.ferreira{at}ucd.ie
Kirk Hamilton (corresponding author) is a lead environmental economist in the Environment Department of the World Bank
Jeffrey R. Vincent is a professor in the Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University; his email address is jrv6{at}duke.edu
Correspondence: his email address is khamilton{at}worldbank.org
JEL codes: O40, Q01, C33
Economic theory predicts that the current change in national wealth, broadly defined to include natural and human capital as well as produced capital ("genuine savings"), determines whether the present value of future changes in consumption is positive or negative. Theoretical research has focused on the effects of population growth on this relation, but no rigorous empirical investigation has been conducted. Panel data for 64 developing countries during 1970–82 are used to test the effects of three adjustments for population growth, including one that controls for omitted wealth. Although the adjustments have substantial impacts on estimates of genuine savings, they lead to only limited improvements in the relation between those estimates and subsequent consumption changes. Even without adjustments for population growth, adjustments for natural resource depletion improve the relation significantly. Policymakers and economists can interpret published estimates of genuine savings as signals of future consumption paths if and only if the estimates include adjustments for natural resource depletion. But better estimates of capital stocks are needed before it can be confidently said that adjustments for population growth significantly improve the accuracy of those signals.