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The World Bank Economic Review Advance Access published online on November 9, 2009
The World Bank Economic Review, doi:10.1093/wber/lhp013
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / THE WORLD BANK. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Gender, Poverty and Demography: An Overview

Mayra Buvinic, Monica Das Gupta, and Ursula Casabonne

Correspondence: email address is mbuvinic{at}worldbank.org.

JEL codes: J10, J13, J16, J18

Much has been written on gender inequality and how it affects fertility and mortality outcomes as well as economic outcomes. What is not well understood is the role of gender inequality, embedded in the behavior of the family, the market, and society, in mediating the impact of demographic processes on economic outcomes. This article reviews the empirical evidence on the possible economic impacts of gender inequalities that work by exacerbating demographic stresses associated with different demographic scenarios and reducing the prospects of gains when demographic conditions improve. It defines four demographic scenarios and discusses which public policies are more effective in each scenario in reducing the constraints that gender inequality imposes on poverty reduction.


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