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The World Bank Economic Review Advance Access published online on January 31, 2008
The World Bank Economic Review, doi:10.1093/wber/lhm022
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / THE WORLD BANK. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Short- and Long-Term Effects of United Nations Peace Operations

Nicholas Sambanis

JEL codes: D74, F35, H56

In an earlier study Doyle and Sambanis (2000) [Doyle, Michael W., and Nicholas Sambanis. 2000. "International Peacebuilding: A Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis." American Political Science Review 94(4):779–801.] showed that United Nations (UN) peace operations have made positive contributions to peacebuilding in the short term, helping parties implement peace agreements. But are the effects of UN peace operations lasting? Because the UN cannot fight wars, such operations should not be used to enforce a peace. Peacekeeping operations contribute more to the quality of the peace—that is, to securing more than the mere absence of war—than to its duration, because the effects of such operations dissipate over time. For peace to be self-sustaining, countries must develop institutions and policies that generate economic growth. UN peacebuilding lacks a strategy for fostering self-sustaining economic growth that could connect increased participation with sustainable peace. The international community would benefit from an evolution that uses economic reforms to plug the gap between peacekeeping and humanitarian assistance on the one hand and development on the other.

Nicholas Sambanis is professor of political science at Yale University; his email address is nicholas.sambanis{at}yale.edu. This article draws on joint research with Michael Doyle, whom the author thanks for many discussions. Appreciation is also expressed to Jim Fearon, Alan Gerber, Don Green, Alan Krueger, Alexandros Michaelides, and Kenneth Schevefor for useful comments on methodological issues and to Ana Maria Arjona, Katie Glassmyer, Jonah Schulhofer-Wohl, Steve Shewfelt, Douglas Woodwell, and Annalisa Zinn for help with data collection.


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