© 1990 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
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The Impact of the International Coffee Agreement on Producing Countries
The authors are economists in the International Economics Department of the World Bank. They would like to thank Ron Duncan for his valuable contributions to this article and the anonymous referees for their comments on an earlier draft.
Simulations of a global coffee model incorporating a vintage capital approach to production are run. Over the recent period of operation of the International Coffee Agreement's export quota system, the authors find that the quota system had a stabilizing effect on world coffee prices. The quotas reduced real export revenues for most small exporting countries, but large producers gained. Most small countries gained, however, in terms of risk reduction. If a brief suspension of the quota occurs from time to time, caused, for example, by adverse weather which results in a shortfall in world supply, the quota system works like a buffer stock scheme; on average, producing countries as a whole lose transfer benefits but gain risk benefits.
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