THE WORLD BANK ECONOMIC REVIEW, VOL. 17, NO. 2, 283-295
© 2003 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / THE WORLD BANK
Children's Working Hours and School Enrollment: Evidence from Pakistan and Nicaragua
Furio Camillo Rosati is Project Coordinator of the Understanding Children's Work project and Professor of Public Economics at the University of Rome, Tor Vergata; his e-mail address is frosati{at}ucw-project.org. Mariacristina Rossi is Researcher for the Understanding Children's Work project and Researcher at the University of Rome, Tor Vergata; her e-mail address is rossi{at}economia.uniroma2.it.
Abstract
Although much of the literature on child labor looks at the decision on whether to send a child to school or to work (or both), little attention has focused on the number of hours worked. This article analyzes the determinants of school attendance and hours worked by children in Pakistan and Nicaragua. A theoretical model of children's labor supply is used to simultaneously estimate the school attendance decision and the hours worked, using a full model maximum likelihood estimator. The model analyzes the marginal effects of explanatory variables, conditioning on latent states, that is, the propensity of the household to send the child to work or not. These marginal effects are in some cases rather different across latent states, with important policy implications.
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