© 1999 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
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Student Outcomes in Philippine Elementary Schools: An Evaluation of Four Experiments
Jee-Peng Tan is with the Human Development Network at the World Bank, Julia Lane is with the Urban Institute, and Gerard Lassibille is with the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Dijon, France. The authors' e-mail addresses are jtan{at}worldbank.org, jlane{at}ui.urban.org and gerard.lassibille{at}u-bourgogne.fr. The authors thank Ms. Lidi Santos and her staff at the Bureau of Elementary Education of the Philippines Department of Education, Culture, and Sports for facilitating access to the data, the World Bank's Research Department for partial financial support, Alain Mingat for helpful discussions on the analytical method, and three anonymous referees for comments and suggestions on earlier drafts.
Policymakers in most developing countries are concerned about high dropout rates and poor student learning in primary education. The government of the Philippines initiated the Dropout Intervention Program in 1990–92 as part of its effort to address these issues. Under this program, four experimental interventions were randomly assigned to 20 schools in selected low-income areas. Pre- and post-intervention data were collected from these schools, as well as from 10 control schools, in order to evaluate the program's impact on dropout behavior and student learning. The economic justification for replication appears to be strongest for the interventions that provided teachers with learning materials, which helped them to pace lessons according to students' differing abilities, and that initiated parent-teacher partnerships, which involved parents in the schooling of their children. The justification was weakest for the school feeding intervention. In addition to the results specific to the Philippines, this research demonstrates the feasibility of monitoring and evaluating interventions in the education sector in other developing countries, including the use of randomized control designs.
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